Each insignia, as they imply work per piece of armor. Each piece does not affect how the other one works.
- They are randomly hit but each has a certain percentage out of 100% to be hit. Head is 12.5% chance, Chest is 37.5% chance, Hands are 12.5% chance, Legs are 25% chance, and Feet are 12.5% chance.
- Whenever an enemy hits any specific piece of armor, the insignia that is on that armor piece will take effect provided the conditions are met (i.e. You get hit in the chest, while you are attacking, so the damage gets reduced with the calculation of +15AL).
- The insignias do not stack or combine, they only affect the armor piece that are applied to. The only exceptions (to my knowledge) are Survivor and Radiant, as their bonuses do stack.
All info like this, with more detail can be found
here.
Well, i hope that helps clear things up for ya!!
cheers.