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Connection establishment To establish a connection, TCP uses a three-way handshake. Before a client attempts to connect with a server, the server must first bind to a port to open it up for connections: this is called a passive open. Once the passive open is established, a client may initiate an active open. To establish a connection, the three-way (or 3-step) handshake occurs: 1. The active open is performed by the client sending a SYN to the server. 2. In response, the server replies with a SYN-ACK. 3. Finally the client sends an ACK back to the server. At this point, both the client and server have received an acknowledgment of the connection. |
